CD4 and HIV infectious disease: In describing the extent of CD4 TSCM depletion that accompanies aging and chronic inflammation induced by HIV infection, and linking these phenomena to immune activation and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in this phenomenon—we propose that modulation in the gene expression of TSCM cells, which manifest most strikingly in their impact on metabolic and signaling pathways—could be significantly explained by alterations in the inflammatory environment (Fig. 7).