SIRT1 and fatty liver disease: As expected from the data showing a L. plantarum treatment-mediated enhancement of SIRT1 expression (Fig 2L), we observed that, along with histologically observed reductions in hepatic steatosis (as well as hepatic TG content) and adipocyte size of adipose tissues, the expression of lipid oxidation-related genes was upregulated by L. plantarum treatment whereas the expression levels of lipid synthetic genes remained unaltered (Figs 4 and S1).