The close link between NF-κB-driven inflammation and ER stress during mastitis is likely explained by their mutual interaction; activation of all ER stress sensors causes downstream activation of NF-κB, and ER stress-inducing stimuli, such as ROS and cytokines, are produced from immunocompetent cells during the course of the inflammatory process [20, 21]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to mastitis.