The colon of EV-treated mice showed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS) and elevated levels of an anti-inflammatory/regulatory cytokine (IL-10), compared to that of untreated mice with colitis and TSG-6-depleted EV-treated mice (Fig 3). Here, IFNG is linked to colitis.