Importantly, co-inhibition of p38 MAPK and TNFα by PLA therapy (pre-treatment before AraC) significantly reduced AraC resistance in AML patient samples (Fig. 8a and Additional file 1: Figure S5I) as well as in primary cells from two AML mouse models ex vivo (Fig. 8b). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.