TRPV1 is located on the cardiac sensory nerves and might function as a molecular sensor to detect tissue ischemia and activate cardiac nociceptors because a selective antagonist of TRPV1, iodoresiniferatoxin attenuates both bradykinin- and ischemia-induced firing of cardiac spinal afferent nerves [32, 33]. Here, TRPV1 is linked to ischemia.