TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Since we observed potent effects of Pirfenidone on NSCLC cell proliferation and viability as well as an impact on TGFβ pathway, we next investigated the effect in an in vivo model using the murine adenocarcinoma cell line LLC1 as recent publications highlighted the possible benefits of interfering with the TGFβ pathway to support radiation therapy (20) or checkpoint therapy (8, 9, 21, 22).