AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: When the threshold probabilities ranged from ~10 to 90% for patients with AFP < 400 μg/L (Figure 4A) and from ~10 to 95% for all patients (Figure 4B), much higher net benefits could be gained in the clinical decision on whether to take further diagnostic intervention according to the probability of complicating HCC provided by the model compared with non-selection (toward “all” or “none” patients).