AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: More importantly, our model also had high diagnostic performance in AFP-negative (<20 μg/L) cirrhotic patients with HCC, with an AUROC of 0.854, sensitivity of 68.5%, specificity of 86.6%, and accuracy of 80.9%, respectively, which was superior or comparable to typical HCC biomarkers for AFP-negative HCC diagnosis, such as DCP (AUROC = 0.73) (20), AFP-L3 (AUROC = 0.61) (21), GP73 (AUROC = 0.78) (21), GPC3 (AUROC = 0.641) (22), and Dickkopf-1 (AUROC = 0.834) (23).