As such, in this study, we aimed to elucidate these issues through the following clinical evaluations: (a) exploring the relationships of serum sPD-L1 with blood-based inflammatory markers; (b) detecting the concentration of sPD-L1 in the CSF and illustrating the relationship between sPD-L1 measurements in the serum and CSF; (c) determining the correlations of sPD-L1 levels with glioma classification, histological characteristics and molecular features; and (d) evaluating the predictive significance of sPD-L1 in gliomas. The gene discussed is SPDL1; the disease is central nervous system cancer.