IGFBP4 and renal cell carcinoma: The IGFBP4 gene had been reported to be associated with several types of cancer (Hallberg et al., 2000; Romero et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2017), it can promote the RCC cell metastasis and activate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in humans (Ueno et al., 2011).