AKT1 and glioblastoma: The stemness phenotype of GSCs, glutamate induced Ca 2+ influx (110), Wnt (111, 112), and PI3/Akt (113) signaling pathway induced MMP release, β catenin degradation pathway (114) as well as the release of soluble factors, proteases, glycosidases allow GBM cells to invade and migrate locally (115).