However, multiple methods of generating a localized, ICOSL vIgD driven, costimulatory signal were validated, including direct coating to plastic (Figure 6), transmembrane expression on the surface of a cell (Figure 7), fusion to a separate engineered localizing domain to bind plate-bound or cell surface expressed protein targets (Figure 8), and fusion of an engineered domain to a tumor specific monoclonal antibody (Figure 9). This evidence concerns the gene ICOSLG and neoplasm.