In a completed phase 2, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT00811889), patients with advanced CKD and type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to bardoxolone methyl (BM), a potent Nrf2 activator, experienced significant improvement in estimated GFR (Pergola et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.