BDNF and Huntington disease: A loss of normal huntingtin-mediated BDNF gene transcription, and dysregulation of BDNF expression by the mutant form of huntingtin, both contribute to the reduced levels of BDNF in the brain, which has been observed in post-mortem brain tissue from human HD patients (Ferrer et al., 2000; Zuccato et al., 2001), as well as in several transgenic mouse models of HD (Zuccato et al., 2001; Duan et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2003).