Inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [16, 17], IL-6 [18], IL-17 [17] and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) [1] as well as the glucocorticoid cortisol (hydrocortisone) [19] were found to be increased in the CSF and/or serum of IIH patients. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and pseudotumor cerebri.