GFAP and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Some researchers reported that H2O2, a potent oxidant, can upregulate the expression of GFAP and ROS in astrocytes in vitro, and the intervention of molecular hydrogen could inhibit both the production of ROS and overexpression of GFAP in astrocytes.67 Rotenone is a direct mitochondrial respiratory chain blocker, and as Goswami et al37 found, it could upregulate the expression of GFAP in C6 astrocytoma cell line by increasing the mitochondrial ROS.