For the first time, we revealed the significant correlation of mutations in 4 genes, including EGFR, TP53, NFE2L2 and PIK3CA, with the specific histologic subtype of NSCLC in a single cohort study (Table 2), emphasizing the value of utilizing these molecular markers for subclassifying NSCLC patients and unearthing the distinct potential tumorigenesis mechanisms for NSCLC histologic subtypes. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and non-small cell lung carcinoma.