We observed that 26% (6/23) of ADAR(1/2)high ESCC tumors showed decreased level of CCDC15-ex9 inclusion than their matched NT samples; while this change was observed in in only 10% (1/10) of ADAR(1 and 2)normal/low tumors (Fig. 8a, Supplementary Fig. 5b). Here, ADAR is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.