Finally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling also plays an important role in the different non-neoplastic cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment, for example regulating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages, and the activation and/or differentiation of T cells [56,57,58,59,60,61,62]. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is neoplasm.