Initially, the susceptibility of human melanoma cells to virus-mediated oncolysis was tested in a panel of five cell lines with fibroblast-like morphology derived from patients with disseminated melanoma treated in the N.N. Blokhin NMRCO previously [15,16] and carrying activating mutations in the B-Raf or N-Ras genes participating in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.