TNF and neoplasm: Kaposi sarcoma is a neoplasm caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), appearing with higher rates in HIV+ patients, with a broad spectrum of morphology; the spindle cells of primary Kaposi sarcoma express basic fibroblast growth factor in high concentrations under the influence of multiple included inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1, and IFN-γ [192,193].