Treatment with EGCG is currently under testing in more than 90 clinical trials, including Fragile X and Down syndrome (DS) (https://clinicaltrials.gov); importantly, EGCG has been reported to be safe and effective in improving cognitive impairment in DS patients and its action has been postulated to occur through the inhibition of DYRK1A (de la Torre et al., 2016). Here, DYRK1A is linked to Cognitive impairment.