Generating embryos with multiple integrated copies of the constructs, or perhaps targeting the constructs to a different locus, will be necessary to determine if the enhancer harboring SNP2 is active in oral periderm as would be predicted if SNP2 is relevant to risk for orofacial clefting. In summary, the data gathered support SNP2 as affecting expression of an enhancer active in periderm and regulating KRT18 and KRT8 expression. Here, KRT18 is linked to orofacial cleft.