TGFB1 and breast cancer: Yu suggests that CAFs in breast cancer can induce the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells through the activation of paracrine TGF‐β signaling.8 Liu et al indicates that CAF‐secreted chemokines promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis through the activation of TGF‐β pathways.9 There is a well‐accepted hypothesis that CAFs can affect the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in ESCC.