INS and Alzheimer disease: Published data indicates that both insulin and dopamine signalling have been impaired in AD models during the first hour following neurotoxin administration; IR expression is decreased in the cortex and hypothalamus, and accompanied by increased GLUT2 expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the STZ-icv model (Knezovic et al. 2017), while at the same time-point dopamine levels are found decreased in the substantia nigra in the Aβ model (Mukhin et al. 2019).