KRAS and pancreatic neoplasm: KRAS mutation is crucial for pancreatic carcinogenesis and more than 90% of pancreatic tumors express KRAS mutated protein.4–7 Inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), SMAD4, TP53, and other tumor suppressor genes are also key elements implicated in this progression model.