TGFB1 and cancer: For instance, cancer cell-derived exosomes can contain high amounts of TGF-β, caveolin-1, HIF-1α, β-catenin, LMP1 and H1H1α, which results in a more invasive phenotype for receiving cells.41 miR-21 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 can also be enriched in these exosomes, which enhance mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and suppresses epithelial markers like E-cadherin.94 EMT can also be triggered indirectly when cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) release exosomes that convert mesenchymal stem cells to fibrous-associated fibroblasts in the pericellular microenvironment.122