In this regard, FA-AKI kidneys displayed increased mRNA and protein levels of the oxidative stress markers heme oxigenase 1 (HO-1) (Fig. 8B,D) (Supplementary Fig. S4) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinine 1) (NQO-1) (Fig. 8E), which was prevented by St-PGA-CL-BDMC treatment (Fig. 8B,D,E) in agreement with the observation of lower 4-HNE staining in these animals. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is acute kidney injury.