In freshly collected sorted primary samples from MM, MGUS and healthy subjects, we found that phosphorylation, at the steady state, of STAT3pS727, STAT6pY641 and the amount of STAT5a were progressively increased from healthy through MGUS – and MM HDNs (ANOVA test respectively, p = 0.002, p = 0.0012 and p = 0.00, Fig. 2B). This evidence concerns the gene STAT5A and Miyoshi myopathy.