PARP1 and atherosclerosis: PARP inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP1 alleviates the symptoms of atherosclerosis by reducing plaque area, lipid deposition, inflammation, and the HDL/LDL ratio (Martinet et al. 2002; Kiss et al. 2006; Ambrose et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2011; Sunderland et al. 2011; Shen et al. 2012; Wei et al. 2013; Xu et al. 2014).