Phase II trials of the PD-L1 antibody durvalumab or pembrolizumab in combination with olaparib or niraparib showed clinical response in patients with advanced SCLC, germline BRCA1/2 mutated breast and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, but also in prostate cancer and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients irrespective of BRCA mutations (Pilié et al. 2019a). This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and small cell lung carcinoma.