TNF and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: In the current study, we made a comparison of miR-21/miR23a and their target genes between OSA patients and matched PS subjects, and used a cell culture model of IHR to demonstrate that TLR/TNF-α signaling-related microRNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological cell apoptosis and dysfunction under chronic IHR stimuli in OSA.