FOS and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: GA was also found to be a potent inhibitor of HDAC8 and class IIa/b HDAC activity [38].In addition, GA demonstrated anti-invasive effects in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells NPC-BM1 through the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway, this was due to suppressed transcription of MMP-1 by down-regulation of Ets1 and c-Jun, c-fos of the AP-1 [39].