TLR5 and Nephropathy: Our previous work showed that the TLR5 agonist entolimod can protect cells of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems from total body irradiation, minimize damage to and accelerate recovery of tissue injured by local head and neck irradiation or 5-fluorouracil treatment, prevent hepatotoxicity induced by agonistic anti-Fas antibody treatment and reduce kidney damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion [22–25, 32, 56].