This is of significance given that the TEPP aptamer cross-reacts with the mouse receptors, as shown in the EpCAM-ve/TfR+ve bEnd.3 endothelial cells (Kd 110 nM) (Table 1) or EpCAM+ve/TfR+ve murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells (Kd 27 nM) (Supplementary Fig. S2) in vitro, and could compete with binding to human tumor cells in mouse xenograft models. This evidence concerns the gene EPCAM and breast carcinoma.