We next assessed the ability of IgG from vaccinees to stimulate immune effector cells upon opsonization of merozoites in the antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) assay.36,62 ADRB activity has been associated with clinical protection from malaria in several studies.62–64 As seen in Fig. 8a, b, IgG from MSP1 vaccinees stimulated neutrophils to produce ROS in the ADRB assay independent of whether merozoites were used from the parasite strain 3D7 expressing MSP1-D or from FCB1 expressing MSP1-F (p < 0.01 according to paired t-test). The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is malaria.