Figure 8(a) shows that exposure of mice for one month to either P-WPS (0.41 ± 0.02 OD450nm/mg, P < 0.05) or AF-WPS (0.47 ± 0.02 OD450nm/mg, P < 0.001) or SF-WPS (0.47 ± 0.03 OD450nm/mg, P < 0.01) induced a significant augmentation of the transcription factor NF-κB levels in the lung compared with the air-exposed group (0.29 ± 0.03 OD450nm/mg). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and atrial fibrillation.