Figure 5(b) exhibits that TNFα concentration in lung homogenates was significantly elevated in the P-WPS (178.6 ± 8.9 pg/mg, P < 0.05), AF-WPS (194.9 ± 5.1 pg/mg, P < 0.001), and SF-WPS (196.5 ± 4.4 pg/mg, P < 0.001) groups compared with the air-exposed group (156.9 ± 3.3 pg/mg). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and atrial fibrillation.