We illustrated that direct manipulation of GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway could modulate cancer stemness (P < 0.05, Supplementary Fig. 7a, b), and also excluded the effects of Wnt on activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway during this process (P < 0.01, supplementary Fig. 7c, d). The gene discussed is GSK3B; the disease is cancer.