EIF4EBP1 and ischemia: Upon reperfusion following ischemia, molecules of the RISK (Akt, Erk1, GSK3β) and mTOR pathways (mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1) demonstrated significantly greater phosphorylation than those without ischemia (p < 0.05 IR vs. NI for all; Figure 5).