WWP1 and cardiac hypertrophy: As shown in Figure 7B and 7C, the mRNA level of ANF and miR-23a is decreased in circRNA wwp1 over-expressed cardiomyocytes, suggesting that ANF and miR-23a are downstream targets of circRNA wwp1, and circRNA wwp1 exerts inhibitory roles of cardiac hypertrophy via down-regulation of ANF and miR-23, which underlying the potential mechanisms whereby circRNA regulates cardiac hypertrophy.