RGD has been preferentially exploitedfor diagnostic applications and many RGD-based radiopharmaceuticalagents have been assessed for cancer imaging.75 Bispecific NGR peptides (GNGRAHA), targeting both CD13 and αvβ3integrin in the endothelium of solid tumors, have been developed.In 2018, Seidi et al. combined the NGR peptide, GNGRAHA, with a truncatedform of coagulase (tCoa) generating a bifunctional protein (tCoa-NGR)with novel anticancer properties. This evidence concerns the gene ANPEP and cancer.