Next, we analyzed a new cohort of animals for the following reasons: 1) to determine reproducibility of our findings in a different rat cohort that includes a larger number of subjects; 2) to test whether these APP metabolic changes are also evident in heterozygous Appp/h rats, which genocopy the condition that protects humans from dementia and normal cognitive decline; 3) to determine whether sex influences these alterations; 4) to measure other Aβ and P3 species; 5) to measure sAPPα and sAPPβ in total brain homogenates. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Mental deterioration.