PCNA and cancer: Conversely, the expression profiles of proliferative proteins displayed an opposite trend in the same biopsy groups, showing a progressive raise in the expression of PCNA (+113%; P < .05; +233%; P < .01 and +900%; P < .001), phospho‐p38MAPK (+50%, P < .05; +176%, P < .01 +550%; P < .001) (Figure 1A,B) and NF‐kappaB expression (+14; +114%; P < .05 and +358%; P < .001) (Figure 1D,E) in peritumoral, UC and cancer specimens as compared to controls.