ALB and periventricular leukomalacia: Hypoalbuminemia, sepsis, meningitis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH), periventricular leukomalacia(PVL), the administration of drug competing with albumin binding bilirubin such as ibuprofen (for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), or ceftriaxone, are the most important risk factors for low bilirubin kernicterus (22).