Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) blocking programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) augment tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cell function and are currently FDA-approved treatments for several cancers [4, 5]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.