TNF and cardioembolic stroke: Afterward, cytokines such as IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were released, and then, coagulation cascade was activated,21 resulting in an elevated level of D‐dimer.22 So, a possible mechanism may be that elevated D‐dimer level is a reflection of currently unclear thrombotic and hemostatic disorders associated with the development of cardioembolic stroke.23 In addition, D‐dimer is also a biomarker of inflammatory processes.24 Research has shown that inflammation contributed to the development of ischemic lesions in patients with IE.25