NPPA and hydrops fetalis: Natriuretic peptides (NPs), composed of three structurally similar peptides, that is, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type (or brain) natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), play an important role in cardiovascular disease [11] and are elevated to a large extent in response to increased wall stretching due to volume or load stress in HF.