BRAF and melanoma: In melanoma, sorafenib, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of RAF-kinases, achieved only scant clinical effects due to its greater affinity for other kinases besides BRAF [117]; subsequently a TKI able to target V600EBRAF mutation was developed, vemurafenib, and in phase III trial demonstrated improved rates of OS and PFS compared to standard CT (dacarbazine) in patients with previously untreated melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation [118].