In summary, this study provides the first evidence that NF-κB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of miR-335-3p expression is positively involved in the progression of CNH-induced PAH, and that miR-335-3p modulates the development of CNH-induced PAH via inhibition of APJ (Figure 8). The gene discussed is APLNR; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.