Given that NF-κB could transcriptionally regulate downstream target miRs by binding directly to their promoters 37, 38, and that activated NF-κB signaling contributed to CNH-induced PAH in mice, we hypothesized that CNH-induced upregulation of miR-335-3p might be NF-κB-related. Here, NFKB1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.