Second, utilizing the stable lung CSCs cellular models and syngeneic orthotopic lung cancer model we established and characterized31, 39, 40, we provide convincing experimental evidence supporting a rather definitive role of Cdh1 in regulating self-renewal of LLC-SD in vitro (Figure 2) as well as promoting lung cancer oncogenesis and progression in vivo (Figure 5, Figure S1 and Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and lung carcinoma.